Macro
US venture debt hit a record $68.8 billion in 2025, even as deal count held flat year-over-year near 1,000 — the growth came from bigger deals, not more of them (Runway Growth-PitchBook, May 2026). On the equity side, AI dominated, absorbing 63.5% of all US venture dollars in 2025.
Structure
AI and data-center borrowing is maturing into a multi-tier debt market — in May 2026 CoreWeave, Lambda, Nscale and Applied Digital closed more than $5 billion combined, extending a category that first reached investment grade earlier in 2026.
Risk
Credit is softening at the margin across the venture-lending BDC cohort: per our Q1 2026 analysis, all six tracked lenders now mark their loans below original cost and several booked fresh non-accruals, though absolute discounts remain modest. With 2025's heavy borrowing layered on high startup leverage (PitchBook), the cohort is more exposed if borrower revenue disappoints.
CoreWeave · $3.1B · Morgan Stanley/MUFG-led syndicate
AI cloud infrastructure provider supplying GPU compute for frontier-model training and inference. CoreWeave bills the 5.5-year delayed-draw term loan (SOFR + 4.50%, maturity November 2031, rated Ba2/BB+) as the first publicly syndicated HPC infrastructure-backed financing. It follows the larger investment-grade facility the company closed earlier in 2026. (Source)
Lambda · $1B · J.P. Morgan-led syndicate
AI compute company building supercomputers for model training and inference. Its oversubscribed senior secured facility, upsized from $275M in 2025, funds the deployment of next-generation NVIDIA accelerators and data-center expansion. (Source)
Nscale · $790M · Nordic bank syndicate
UK-based AI hyperscaler building data-center capacity. Committed project financing from ABN AMRO, DNB, Nordea, SEB and Norway's export-credit agency Eksfin funds its AI campus in Narvik, Norway, with a matching uncommitted accordion for a further 115MW. (Source)
Applied Digital · $300M · Goldman Sachs
Designer and operator of AI data centers. Its 364-day senior secured bridge facility (SOFR + 275bps), secured by project assets, funds construction of its third AI data center at the Polaris Forge 1 campus in Ellendale, North Dakota. (Source)
Kids2 · $225M · Bain Capital Private Credit
Global infant and toddler products company behind brands including Baby Einstein and Bright Starts; senior credit facility funds its continued growth and global expansion. (Source)
Root · $200M · Huntington National Bank
Auto insurance technology company built on telematics-based, usage-based pricing; senior secured term loan refinances its prior BlackRock facility. (Source)
Fold · $150M · Encina Lender Finance
Bitcoin financial services company issuing the Fold Bitcoin Credit Card on the Visa network. Its 4-year senior secured revolving facility, backed by consumer card receivables, funds card-program origination without equity dilution. (Source)
NALA · $25M · Mars Growth Capital (Liquidity/MUFG JV)
African cross-border payments company expanding a stablecoin payment network, running a consumer remittance app and the Rafiki B2B platform. The credit facility, with room to scale past $50M, pre-funds customer accounts and payment corridors. (Source)
Aquestive Therapeutics · $150M · Oaktree Capital Management
Specialty pharmaceutical company developing oral and complex-molecule therapies. The secured debt facility ($55M funded at close, up to $150M) refinances an existing $45M loan and funds the commercial launch of Anaphylm if FDA-approved. (Source)
Cartesian Therapeutics · $150M · K2 HealthVentures
Clinical-stage biotech developing mRNA cell therapies including the CAR-T candidate Descartes-08 for myasthenia gravis. The non-dilutive credit facility ($50M initial tranche, up to $150M) funds preparations for its commercial launch and extends runway into 2028. (Source)
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals · $100M · Hercules Capital
Commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company marketing INPEFA (sotagliflozin) for heart failure. The senior secured term loan ($55M funded at close, up to $100M across three tranches, with warrants) repays an existing Oxford Finance facility ahead of upcoming regulatory and commercial milestones. (Source)
OptimizeRx · $35M · Fifth Third Bank
Digital health technology company connecting life sciences brands with providers and patients at the point of care. A $25M term loan and $10M revolver refinance prior Blue Torch Finance debt and fund working capital. (Source)
Armata Pharmaceuticals · $25M · Innoviva Strategic Opportunities
Clinical-stage biotech developing precision phage therapeutics for antibiotic-resistant infections. A secured term loan at 14.0% per annum from its largest shareholder funds development of lead candidate AP-SA02. (Source)
Citius Oncology · $25M · Avenue Capital
Oncology company commercializing the FDA-approved cutaneous T-cell lymphoma therapy LYMPHIR; senior secured term loan ($10M funded, up to $25M) accelerates commercial launch. (Source)
EnsoData · Undisclosed · CIBC Innovation Banking
AI software company that automates the analysis of sleep studies for clinical providers; growth capital facility funds its continued expansion. (Source)
Barings — $19B+ for global direct lending
Closed over $19 billion in committed capital for its global direct lending strategy, a two-year raise across multiple vehicles that lifts its Global Private Finance platform above $67 billion. (Source)
Trinity Capital — $300M senior unsecured notes
Priced $300 million of 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2031. (Source)
Runway Growth Finance — $50M notes due 2029
Priced $50 million of 7.0% notes due 2029, with proceeds earmarked to repay its revolver. (Source)
Parafin — Warehouse credit facility renewal & upsize
Renewed and upsized its warehouse credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank (a division of First Citizens), EverBank as a new A-note lender, and Trinity Capital. The larger line expands the embedded-finance lender's capacity to fund small businesses on platforms like Amazon, DoorDash and Walmart. (Source)
Pinegrove Credit Partners & Temasek — Venture debt partnership
Formed a strategic partnership to provide venture debt to growth-stage technology and life sciences companies, with Pinegrove backed by Brookfield and HRTG Partners. (Source)
Credit Crunch
Milken: Private Credit's Dispersion Has Been Abnormally CompressedA Milken readout and Neuberger note argue the BDC sell-off reflects liquidity needs and repositioning, not credit deterioration, with manager dispersion unusually compressed near 250bps.
Euclid Ventures
SaaSpocalypse NowAfter the SaaS selloff, the market rewarded only usage-priced "agentic infrastructure," assigning near-zero value to vertical software's data and workflow moats — the very moats AI should make more valuable.
The Afterburner
The Retreat From Software And Why It's the Wrong CallAI spending isn't eating software budgets — it is the budget; for deeply embedded enterprise products AI is leverage, and the entry window won't stay open.
Q1 ’26 Venture Debt BDC Analysis
Our quarterly read on the six venture-lending BDCs (TRIN, TPVG, RWAY, HRZN, HTGC, OTF) as a proxy for the venture/growth debt market: all six now mark loans below cost, non-accruals are creeping up, and a 2026 maturity wall is taking shape. Read the full analysis →
How much AI-infrastructure debt the market can absorb — with a growing roster of operators tapping the same handful of arrangers, watch whether syndication demand and spreads hold through the rest of 2026, and whether sub-investment-grade infrastructure paper clears as readily as the marquee rated deals did.
The venture-debt refinancing test — the venture-lending BDC cohort heads into a wave of 2026–2027 loan maturities; how those facilities get refinanced will signal where mid-size venture debt is clearing through the back half of 2026.
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